Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement

^a U.S. Census Bureau. 2007. Census 2000 Summary File 2—Technical documentation. Appendix G code lists. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. Additional languages were added to this column based on the responses in columns on health plan, hospital, and community health center use. An asterisk indicates a language added to the Census 2000 list.
^b SIL International. 2009. ISO 639 Code Tables. http://sil.org/iso639-3/codes.asp?order=639_3&letter=a (accessed August 25, 2009).
^c Modern Language Association. 2009. All languages reported to the US Census in 2000. http://www.mla.org/map_data_langlist&mode=lang_tops (accessed May 26, 2009).
^d Refer to Appendixes G and H on Kaiser Permanente and Contra Costa for information on their approaches to data collection and categorization.
^e Personal communications from Emilio Carrillo, New York Presbyterian Hospital, May 11, 2009; Alice Chen, San Francisco General Hospital, July 7, 2009; Maria Moreno and Traci Van, Sutter Health, July 22, 2009; Shiva Bidar-Sielaff, University of Wisconsin Health, May 11, 2009.
^f Hasnain-Wynia, R., J. Yonek, D. Pierce, R. Kang, and C. H. Greising. 2006. Hospital language services for patients with limited English proficiency: Results from a national survey . Chicago, IL: Health Research and Educational Trust (HRET)/AHA.
^g National Association of Community Health Centers. 2008. Serving patients with limited English proficiency: Results of a community health center survey . Bethesda, MD: National Association of Community Health Centers and National Health Law Program.
^h Language Line Service. 2009. List of languages by Language Line Services. http://www.languageline.com/page/languages/ (accessed June 12, 2009)

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